An outcropping of stone along the trail ascending Killdeer Mountain to Medicine Hole.
The Remains
Of Killdeer Mountain
Industry Encroaches On Historical Landmark
By Dakota
Wind
Killdeer, N.D. – A Lakota tradition is that blue
is a sacred color, all colors are, but blue is special. It’s the color of
heaven. It’s the color of Iŋyaŋ’s (Stone's,
or Rock's) sacrifice and of life that came forth in the Lakota creation story.
Aŋpó, the sun, stepped above the far
horizon and golden light poured into the Mnišoše
(Water-Astir; Missouri River) valley. The sky was clear and clean. Not a
cloud in heaven dare bar the sun today. An uncle of mine likened days like
this to be very special. ”Waŋžila tȟó,”
I heard him breathe out after a long yawn of air, “It means complete blueness or blue oneness.”
A quiet
wind kissed me on the face and through my hair on the way to my car. A wave of melancholy
took me momentarily as I remembered my uŋči
(grandmother) on mornings like this. She’d rise when the sun was just a promise
of light on the lip of the world and she'd down a tall glass of water, praying in-between deep draughts, then she’d ready herself for a walk along the river.
The drive
to Killdeer was pleasant. I carpooled with friends and we exchanged good conversation on the drive west. Both are archeologists and shared stories about
work in the field. Conversation made the trip short and soon enough we were in
the rumbling city of Killdeer.
We stopped
at the city park where a motley collection of local landowners, historians,
more archaeologists, a biologist, and members of various organizations had
gathered in fellowship to see Killdeer Mountain before more industrial
development lay claim to the earth.
I am
reminded of an interpretation of eucharist after a round in introductions. It’s
a religious term generally held to mean the part of a Christian service in
which the Gifts are brought forward, the Thanksgiving. One of my university
professors, a Benedictine sister, in class one day said that, too, when people
come together for a common purpose, at a common time, and at a common place,
that it is eucharist.
The
introductions in and of itself, was held in a circle. There might not have been
prayer, but I felt something mutual pass among everyone who was there.
A few local
landowners, the Jepsons and the Sands, hosted a picnic on the rise of the west
side of Killdeer Mountain. The modest spot of land was an old tipi encampment
site. Tertiary flint flakes lay scattered about on unturned soil. Native
grasses, medium or middle grasses, grew unhindered about the gentle rise. The
gentle wind combed its breeze through the grass, the trees shushed the
landscape, and thousands of native flowers crowned the hill in yellow, purple,
blue, pink, and white.
Ancient cracked
and worried stone testified to archaeologists that the steppe was once under a
vast freshwater ocean millions of years ago. Old shattered stone broke the soil
in defiance of the wind and rain. The formations looked deceptively small from
a distance. Either I shrank as I approached the stones or they grew with each
step toward them.
In the days
of legend, the Mandan said that the son of Foolish Boy was killed at the
plateau by the spirits who dwelt there. Foolish boy retaliated by taking up his
staff and struck the plateau, cleaving the plateau as we see it today. The
Mandan know the mountain by another name, Singing Butte.
I embraced
the illusion of the changing hillside and hiked up to the western most point of
the Killdeer plateau. Deer lived there. Careless prances quickly turned to startled
runs at the arrival of people. They were sunning themselves only moments
earlier in the grassy rise as evidenced by depressions in the grass. A few
ground plums were nibbled on and abandoned, but there were a few more near the
top.
Looking north, here's one of the ravines which leaves the west side of Killdeer and goes west to Elk River (Little Missouri River).
From the
top of the western most rise of Killdeer Mountain I saw two ravines stretching west
through the cracked thirsty earth to Heȟáka
Wakpá Makȟočhe (Elk River Country;
the Little Missouri River). There, in 1864, after Sully’s assault on Sitting
Bull’s Huŋkpapȟa camp on the
southeastern rise of Killdeer Mountain, he ordered his soldiers to pursue the Lakȟóta into the Badlands.
The Lakȟóta had been at Killdeer Mountain
for a few reasons, but the most important to the people was that it was a place
to hunt. In Lakȟóta, they call the
plateau Tȟáȟča Wakhúte, The Place
Where They Kill Deer. In July, they were hunting and gathering some of the very
foods I saw on my hike. Kȟáŋta (wild
plums), maštíŋčaphuté (buffalo
berries), čhaŋpȟáhu (chokecherry
bushes), ptetȟáwote (ground plums)
all upon the hillside in abundance.
General
Sully was there to level the might of the U.S. military upon the Sioux in a
punitive campaign for the Eastern Dakota’s participation in the 1862 Minnesota
Dakota Conflict. Aside from obliteration of homes, the deaths of as many as
300, about 150 prisoners, and destruction of foodstuff for the coming winter, Sully’s
aggressive campaign succeeded in shaping the opinion of the Huŋkpapȟa and other Lakȟóta tribes throughout the era of western settlement. Warfare
between traders, land surveyors, the railroad, settlers, and the Lakȟóta continued throughout the 1860s
and 1880s.
I descended
the western point of Killdeer Mountain enjoying the sun that warmed me and the
breeze that cooled me. The hikers I was with, made a circuit of our ascension then descended on a ridge line back to the old encampment site. There, the
contentment of edification and gratification washed away from me at the site of
two oil stakes. Did I miss them somehow while the picnic was happening earlier?
Did I look past the stakes? Did I preoccupy myself with the setting of old
encampment site? I must have, and a dreadful feeling of fatalism filled me.
Industry
will be here soon. The earth will be turned, a well pad and a road will go in,
and physical memory of a Lakȟóta camp
will vanish entirely.
Mr. Rob Sand and Ms. Lori Jepson reflected about the experience of preserving Killdeer Mountain.
Two local
landowners expressed their heartfelt wishes that they could have done more.
When the oil companies came to gauge the earth for mineral extraction, they
weighed the hearts and minds of an otherwise close-knit community. Some individual
land owners were lured by the promise of an income far more than what the
humble rancher earns through his sweat.
Rob Sand,
one of the local landowners, was asked by a visitor from out of state if there
was any one thing he could change, and without a moment’s hesitation, Sand simply
replied, “I would change the minds of the Industrial Commission.” Sand, a
common man who holds the land dear as his settler ancestors and who finds
beauty in the untouched and unturned land, carefully articulated - but not once
criticized the character of the men who make up the North Dakota Industrial
Commission nor the Director of the North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources
- his deepest desire to preserve the history and heritage of the Killdeer
Mountain.
The oil
under the Killdeer plateau isn’t much, somewhere between three and three and a
half million barrels of oil, but its enough that it’s considered a waste if its
left there. That’s enough oil to power to the United States for over four
hours, if it’s going to the U.S.
A golden eagle flew straight out of a nest near the top of Killdeer Mountain.
A visit to
the Killdeer Mountain conflict site was capped by the regal nature of the eagles’
aeries on a south facing cliff side of Killdeer Mountain. Golden eagles ride
the endless prairie wind, a wind that has been a constant presence since before the
landscape was under the ocean, since before Foolish Boy cracked the plateau.
Jagged cracked stone reaches out from Killdeer Mountain.
The climb
up the mountain to the summit to where Medicine Hole sings is filled with
pauses to enjoy the view by some. I look at the degree of ascension, anywhere
from a 30° incline at the base to 90° on the cliff side. I imagine women
holding babies and shepherding children in an escape from Sully’s command and
thanked God I’m here today.
Indian Paint. My pictures of this flower did not turn out. Here is an image from Wikimedia Commons.
Orange
lichen clings to shattered stone. A forest of stunted white birch grows on the
south face about half-way to the flat summit. More native flowers, purple, grow
delicately in the cracks and crevices. Some Lakȟóta
smile and call it “love medicine.” I recognize one yellow flower that some
call “Indian Paint.” With it, one could acquire a yellow or purple pigment.
Along the
way, a work crew had placed seismic sensors to measure the impact of oil wells
a half-mile away, which makes me conscience of the well flares and further
away, constant truck traffic on the roads. Men would ascend the plateau to remove their selves from the noise
and distraction of everyday camp life. In seclusion, they prayed under a
searing sun, they prayed in the winds, they prayed in moonlight and starlight. People still go to pray on Killdeer Mountain.
A traditional
pilgrim created a medicine wheel from the broken white stone about the summit.
I left a handful of seeds before I descended. The evening was as cloudless as
the morning, sunlight golden again in the evening, the same breeze or
perhaps a different one entirely, kissed my brow as I stepped into Killdeer’s
shadow.
By day the air is drawn into Medicine Hole, at night it is exhaled like breath. The wind isn't seen by the dust of the earth that comes out, it is heard, and what is heard is the song of Makȟočhe, of Grandmother Earth.